Butein: From ancient traditional remedy to modern nutraceutical |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China;2. Beijing BIT&GY Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Beijing 100081, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;2. Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;1. College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;2. Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;1. Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;2. College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea;3. Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon 305-600, Republic of Korea;4. School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;1. Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria;2. University of Technology Vienna, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria;3. University of Vienna, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
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Abstract: | Butein (2′,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone), a simple chalcone derivative, occurs in many unrelated genera including Butea Dahlia, Coreopsis and Searsia. It is a reputed food additive and a common ingredient of botanicals used in herbal medicine formulations, particularly in Asian countries. Although a simple polyphenol, this molecule exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, most notably acting as a potent protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor and as an antineoplastic agent. Researchers have convincingly demonstrated that butein inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor in HepG2 cells and the tyrosine-specific protein kinase activities of the epidermal growth factor receptor. In addition, it also exhibits promising anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antinephritic, antithrombin, anti-angiogenic and hepatoprotective activities in various animal models. Although this molecule is endowed with an impressive list of biological properties, which have acted as scientific support for its commercialization, there are no review articles that coherently discuss various aspects of this chalcanoid. This review aims to explore the pharmacological relevance of butein, together with its structure–activity relationships and mechanisms of action. In addition, the occurrence, chemical synthesis and biosynthesis of butein are discussed. |
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