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Application of flow cytometry for exploring the evolution of Geosmithia fungi living in association with bark beetles: the role of conidial DNA content
Institution:1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic;1. Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan;2. Biology Department, Toxicology and Disease Group, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA;3. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan;4. Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan;5. Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada;1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;3. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Centers for Fungal Pathogenesis and Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, PMB, 420001, Enugu State, Nigeria;2. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, PMB, 420001, Enugu State, Nigeria;3. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;4. Structure and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden;5. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;6. Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology Division, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
Abstract:Geosmithia belongs among fungi living in symbiosis with phloem-feeding bark beetles. Several species have altered their ecology to that of obligatory symbiosis with ambrosia beetles, which has led to a shift in their phenotype and caused formation of large spherical conidia. In this study, we pose the following questions; (1) Is the conidial DNA content of Geosmithia correlated with conidial volume?; (2) Is the DNA content of Geosmithia related to the degree of mutual dependence between Geosmithia and their vector? There was a positive and strong correlation between conidial DNA content and conidial volume in Geosmithia. Also species more narrowly associated with the vector tend to have a larger conidial DNA content and volume than less narrowly associated species. Ambrosia fungi achieved the biggest conidial DNA content and volume compared to other species. We suppose that polyploidisation occurred during the evolution of ambrosia species in the genus Geosmithia.
Keywords:Ambrosia fungi  Bark beetles  Conidial DNA content  Conidial volume  Evolution  Generalists  Life-history traits  r/K-strategy  Specialists  Symbiosis
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