Zoospore development in the oomycetes |
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| Institution: | 1. INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France;2. Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;3. INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F-21000 Dijon, France;4. ANSES Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité de Mycologie, Domaine de Pixérécourt, F-54220 Malzéville, France;1. Heliae Development LLC, Gilbert, AZ, USA;2. Bioinformatics Core, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, AZ, USA;3. Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;4. Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, USA;1. Longping Branch, Graduate College, Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China;2. Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China;3. College of Plant Health and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China;4. Shenyang Agricultural University, Plant Protection College, Shenyang, 110866, China;1. Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran 051-0013, Hokkaido, Japan;2. Instrumental Analysis Division, Equipment Management Center, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan;3. University Pierre et Marie Curie and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Laboratoire International Associé Dispersal and Adaptation in Marine Species, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France;1. School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA;3. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RQ, UK;4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Kraus Natural Science Bld., Rm. 1008, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA |
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| Abstract: | Oomycetes cause destructive diseases on both animals and plants. The epidemic spread of oomycete diseases is primarily based on rapid dispersal from host to host by free swimming zoospores. These single-nucleated spores are formed in sporangia and are only released in aqueous environments. Oomycetes are classified in the Kingdom of the Stramenopiles or Chromista, which is comprised of several organisms, including the golden brown algae. The unique shared attribute found in most Stramenopiles is the morphology of the zoospores and especially the structure of their two flagella. They have one tinsel flagellum, and one whiplash flagellum. Only the tinsel flagellum has distinctive flagellar hairs. Zoospore formation can occur within minutes and it is considered one of the fastest developmental processes in any biological system. Once released from the sporangium they are able to exhibit chemotactic responses, electrotaxis, and autotaxis or autoaggregation to target new hosts for infection. Here we discuss the latest discoveries in the development and biology of the oomycete zoospore. |
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