线粒体融合/分裂对线粒体的质量控制作用

线粒体是一种结构和功能复杂而敏感的细胞器,拥有独立于细胞核的基因组,在细胞的不同时相,生理过程和环境条件下,线粒体的形态,数量和质量,具有高度的可塑性。线粒体是细胞和生物体内最主要的能量供应场所,几乎存在于所有种类的细胞中,是一种动态变化的细胞器。正常情况下,线粒体的数量、形态以及功能维持相对稳定的状态,称之为线粒体稳态。当上述状态发生紊乱时,细胞乃至生物体形态、功能也将受到影响甚至死亡。线粒体质量控制是在细胞中维持正常状态的关键机制,决定着线粒体的命运。近年,随着线粒体研究的深入和具体,逐渐发现融合/分裂在其形态、数量、遗传物质等质量控制相关的方面挥了重要作用。本文通过探讨融合/分裂对线粒体质量控制的作用机制,总结和讨论相关前沿研究,为后期研究提供一定的理论依据。

The Regulation of Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission on Mitochondrial Quality Control

The structure and function ofmitochondria is complex and sensitive, with a genome systemindependent on the nucleus. The shape, quantity and quality of mitochondria are high degree of plasticity, with the different phase, physiological processes and environmental conditions of the cell. Mitochondria is the main energy supplier of cells and organisms and is a dynamic organ, nearly attending in all kinds of cells. Normally, mitochondrial mass, morphology and function maintain to be stable, named as mitochondrial homeostasis. When it comes to be disorder, not only cells but also living body would be influenced, even death. Mitochondrial quantity control is the focus in mitochondrial homeostasis maintenance, determining the cellular fate. Recently, in the wake of the research of mitochondria, it is reported that mitochondrial fusion/ fission play a key role in the mitochondrial quality control, referring to mitochondrial morphology, quantity, DNA and so on. In this review, we will focus on the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission on its quality control and summarize the recent development of mitochondrial fission and fusion, expecting to provide evidence for the following study.