精子DNA损伤检测技术的研究进展

精子DNA完整性与男性生育力之间的关系是近些年来生殖医学研究领域的热点之一,精子DNA损伤已成为反映男性生育力的一个新指标。精子DNA的损伤原因有很多,有时可能是多种因素共同作用的结果。生殖系统疾病、环境污染、吸烟、微量元素及各种理化因素等原因都可能导致精子DNA完整性受损。常见的精子DNA完整性检测技术有原位末端标记法、精子染色体扩散实验、精子染色质结构分析试验、单细胞凝胶电泳、荧光原位杂交技术和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷测定法等。随着检验技术的不断发展,关于精子DNA损伤的检测技术也在不断更新改进。本文主要就近十年来精子DNA损伤机制、检测技术的相关研究进展作一综述,提示现有的精子DNA完整性检测技术尚不能满足临床和科研需要,急需找到一种理想的检测方法为男性不育的诊断和治疗提供重要依据。

Progress on the Detection Techniques for DNA damage of Sperm

The relationship between sperm DNA integrity and male fertility is one of hotspots in the field of reproductivemedicine in recent years. The sperm DNA damage has become a new index of the male fertility now. There are various reasons lead tosperm DNA damage, sometimes the occurrence of it may be result of joint action of many factors. Reproductive system diseases,environmental pollution, smoking, trace elements and a variety of physical and chemical factors and other reasons can cause sperm DNAdamage. The common methods for testing sperm DNA integrity are in situ end labeling method, sperm chromatin dispersion test, spermchromatin structure analysis test, Comet assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization technology and 8 - hydroxy - 2 - deoxyguanosinemeasurement, etc. With the continuous development of test technology, detection technology of sperm DNA damage is also becomingbetter and better. This article briefly reviews the research progress in decade on the mechanism of sperm DNA damage and detectiontechniques, and the results suggest that the existing detection technology of sperm DNA integrity cannot satisfy the requirements ofclinical and scientific research. It is urgent to find an ideal detection method to provide evidences for the diagnosis and treatment of maleinfertility.