Multiple synchronization strategies in rhythmic sensorimotor tasks: phase vs period correction |
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Authors: | Michael H Thaut Robert A Miller Leopold M Schauer |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Music, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, C0 80523, USA, US;(2) Department of Electrical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, C0 80523, USA, US |
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Abstract: | To characterize synchronisation strategies in the tracking of auditory rhythm with rhythmic finger tapping, the adaptation
process after unexpected step changes of an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 500 ms was investigated. Step changes of 2% (10
ms), 4% (20 ms), and 10% (50 ms) of ISI were applied to the stimulus sequence. Synchronisation patterns of 5 subjects were
analyzed based on synchronisation error (SE) and interresponse intervals (IRI). A strategy shift contigent upon the size of
the introduced step change was detected. After small ISI changes, rapid IRI matching to the new ISI was accompanied by temporarily
enlarged SE values, which slowly returned to preferred SE values before the step change. Large ISI changes showed quick SE
adaptations accompanied by a temporary overcorrection of IRI. Response asymmetry between ISI decreases and increases emerged,
showing a stronger adaptation during ISI increases. A two-dimensional difference equation was formulated to simulate the time
series of intertap intervals and explain the control process during IRI and SE adjustments. The system constants were optimized
to minimalize the deviations between the computed and the observed response trajectories, consisting of the time series of
SE and IRI. It was shown that a successful model fit using a linear two-dimensional difference equation was based on the size
and direction of the ISI changes. MANOVA procedures showed that differences in equation parameters during small and large
step changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). It is therefore suggested that a uniform model accounting for synchronization responses to all step changes would
require the introduction of nonlinear system properties.
Received: 20 August 1997/Accepted in revised form: 9 June 1998 |
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