椪柑精油及其主要抑菌组分对菌核青霉的抑制作用

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取椪柑(Citrus reticulate Blanco)果皮精油,并用GC-MS对其成分进行分析,共鉴定出46种成分,主要包括柠檬烯(57.67%)、β-芳樟醇(5.36%)、2-蒈烯(4.47%)、β-蒎稀(4.31%)、γ-松油烯(4.08%)、α-蒎烯(3.27%)、1,2-二异丙烯基环丁烷(2.87%)、β-月桂烯(2.77%)、α-侧柏烯(2.40%)、β-水芹烯(2.24%)、癸醛(1.80%)和香茅醇(1.49%)等。采用污染食物技术(poisoned food technique)和液体培养法(liquid culture)测定了不同浓度椪柑精油以及主要抑菌组分对菌核青霉的抑制作用。结果表明:不同浓度(0.5~20μl/ml)的椪柑精油对菌核青霉生长均有一定的抑制,且抑菌效果与浓度呈正相关。无论是采用污染食物技术还是液体培养法,20μl/ml椪柑精油均能完全抑制菌核青霉生长;随着培养 时间延长到7d, 20μl/ml椪柑精油抑菌效果有所下降,但仍能显著抑制菌核青霉生长。采用污染食物技术考察了椪柑精油中7种常见抑菌成分对菌核青霉的影响。结果表明,0.04μl/ml柠檬醛和1.07μl/ml β-芳樟醇能显著抑制菌核青霉生长,而其他组分无明显作用。实验结果表明,椪柑精油的抑菌作用可能归功于其所含的柠檬醛和β-芳樟醇。

The Inhibitory Effect of Essential Oil from Citrus reticulate Blanco and Their Main Pure Compounds on Penicillium

The essential oil of C.reticulate Blanco was extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS.Forty six components were identified.The major components were limonene(57.67%),followed by β-linalool(5.36%),2-carene(4.47%),β-pinene(4.31%),γ-terpinene(4.08%),α-pinene(3.27%),Cyclobutane,1,2-bis(1-methylethenyl)-(2.87%),β-myrcene(2.77%),α-thujene(2.40%),β-phellandrene(2.24%),decanal(1.80%) and citronellal(1.49%) etc.The effects of C.reticulate essential oil and pure compounds in varying concentrations on the growth of Penicillium sclerotiorum by poisoned food technique and liquid culture were also elucidated.Results showed that C.reticulate essential oil has significant inhibitory effect on the growth of P.sclerotiorum in varying concentrations,with the increasing concentration positively correlated with inhibitory efficiency,and 20μl/ml of the essential oil can inhibit the growth of P.sclerotiorum absolutely.Results by poisoned food technique showed that the antifungal activity of the essential oil at a concentration of 20μl/ml became weaker with time progressed.The study of seven pure compounds against P.sclerotiorum by poisoned food technique indicated that the growth of this strain was effectively inhibited by 0.04μl/ml citral and 1.07μl/ml β-linalool,while no obvious inhibition effect was observed by the remaining pure compounds.The present study suggested that the significant inhibitory effect of Ponkan essential oil on the growth of P.sclerotiorum could be attributed a lot to citral and β-linalool in it.