面向重要实质器官的生物制造技术

在体外制造可修复人体受损组织与器官功能的活性替代物一直是人类的梦想.制造、材料与生命科学的交叉与融合发展,为生物组织与器官的体外制造提供了必要的技术、材料与生物学基础,从而实现了皮肤、骨、膀胱等简单活性组织的临床应用,但人体重要实质器官如肝脏、肺等的再造研究至今未取得突破性进展.重要实质器官内部复杂的微观结构系统及多细胞体系的构建是实现其体外制造的关键,也是当前生物组织与器官制造技术所面临的巨大挑战.从生物制造的角度,综述国内外在重要实质器官复杂微结构制造领域的主要技术方法及最新研究进展,通过分析与评价,对未来重要实质器官的生物制造技术发展进行展望.

Biofabrication of Vital Parenchymal Organs

It is a dream of human being to restore the biologicial functions of damaged tissues or organs by using in vitro engineered living substitutes.The development and integration of manufacutring,material and life sciences have provided necessary technical,material and biological foundations for the biofabrication of artificial tissues and organs.Several artificial tissues with relatively simple structures(e.g.,skin,bone and bladder) were already commercially available or in clinical trials.However,it is still challenging to regenerate vital parenchymal organs like liver and lung.One of the crucial issues is to recapitulate the native complex microstructural and multicellular organizations in artificial analogs.From the perspective of biomanufacutring,the major techniques and latest progress related to the regeneration of vital parenchymal organs were reviewed,analyzed and discussed.The future trend for the biofabrication of vital parenchymal organs was summarized.