小流域水源涵养林优化配置

通过对嫩江上游二道桥小流域内不同林分类型林冠截留、枯落物持水以及土壤蓄水的观测与调查，采用层次分析法探讨了小流域水源涵养林的配置.结果表明：该流域水源涵养林最优植被类型结构为天然白桦林24.86%、天然黑桦林16.30%、天然阔叶混交林44.49%、落叶松人工林10.88%、草地3.47%;经过层次分析优化后，流域水源涵养能力显著增加，其中以土壤层有效贮水量和最大贮水量增加幅度最大，分别比现状提高了33.05%和27.78%.层次分析优化结果可以作为试验小流域水源涵养林最优空间配置结构.

Optimal disposition of water conservation forests in watershed

Based on the measurements of canopy interception, litter water-holding capacity and soil water storage of different stands in the Erdaoqiao watershed of upper Nenjiang River, the optimal disposition of water conservation forests in this watershed was approached by the method of analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that in this watershed, the optimal vegetation structure should be 24.86% of natural birch forest, 16.30% of natural Dahurian birch forest, 44.49% of natural broadleaved mixed forest, 10.88% of larch plantation, and 3.47% of grassland. After optimization, the water conservation capacity of the watershed could be improved obviously, with soil available and maximum moisture contents increased by 33.05% and 27.78%, respectively.