Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in the air across different biomes and ecoregions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V-1V7, Canada;2. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, 153 Cook Hill Road, P.O. Box 248, Windsor, CT 06095, USA;1. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada;2. Land Resource, AAFC, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;3. Brandon Research Centre, AAFC, 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada;4. Lethbridge Research Centre, AAFC, 5403 1 Avenue S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;5. Melfort Research Farm, PO Box 1240, Melfort, SK S0E 1A0, Canada;6. Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada;1. Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic;2. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;3. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Viničná 7, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;4. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Benátská 2, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Aerial dispersal of fungal spores is common, but the role of wind and air movement in dispersal of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is largely unknown. Several studies have examined the possibility of AM fungal spores being moved by wind vectors without observing spores taken from the air environment. For the first time this study observed the presence of AM fungal spores in the air. The frequency of AM fungal spores in the air was determined in six North American biomes composed of 18 ecoregions. Multiple samples were taken from both the air and the soil at each location. AM fungal spores were found in high abundance in the soil (hundreds of spores per gram of soil), however, they were rarely found in the air (most samples contained no AM fungal spores). Furthermore, only the Glomus morphotype was found in the air, whereas spores in the soil were taxomomically more diverse (Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora morphotypes were observed). The proportion of Glomus spores in the air relative to Glomus spores in the soil was highest in more arid systems, indicating that AM fungi may be more likely to be dispersed in the air in such systems. Nonetheless, the results indicate that the air is not likely a dominant mode of dispersal for AM fungi. |
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| Keywords: | Aeromycology Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Dispersal Symbiosis |
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