Toxicity of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp. toward the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Pacific Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea;2. South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea;1. Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea;2. South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;4. Pukyung National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea;5. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea;6. Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea;1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, CEP 96203-900, Cx. P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, CEP 96201-900, Cx. P 474, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil;1. Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, 85000, Segamat, Johor, Malaysia;3. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia;4. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China;1. Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA-National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;2. UMR 241-EIO, Laboratoire des microalgues toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé, BP30, 98713 Papeete Tahiti, French Polynesia;1. Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea;2. Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea;3. Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea;4. Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France;5. Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, South Korea;1. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) – UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 529, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia;2. Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae – UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia;3. Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF) – UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 6570, 98702 Faa’a, Tahiti, French Polynesia;4. Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Phycotoxins Laboratory, PO Box 21105, 44311 Nantes, France |
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| Abstract: | The toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp. has recently been observed in temperate areas in the Southern Sea of the Republic of Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of Gambierdiscus sp. toward the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. T. japonicus adult females and nauplii were exposed to various concentrations of algae or culture medium to assess toxicity and analyze gene expression patterns in the copepod. Based on the toxicity tests, Gambierdiscus sp. increased the mortality of nauplii and the immobility of adult females. The survival and mobility of T. japonicus were not affected by culture medium lacking Gambierdiscus sp. cells in the toxicity test. However, based on the analysis of gene expression in the copepod, exposure of the copepod to culture medium affected the expression of stress or detoxification-related genes. Further studies to identify toxins in Gambierdiscus sp. are required to increase our understanding of dinoflagellate toxicity. |
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| Keywords: | Copepod Toxic dinoflagellate Gene expression |
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