Production of caffeic,chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids in plants and suspension cultures of Glechoma hederacea |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, 1483963113, Tehran, Iran;2. Research Centre of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mazandaran, 48175556, Sari, Iran;3. Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran;4. Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, P. O. Box 19835-389, Tehran, Iran;1. Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Industrial, Laboratorio de Bioconversiones, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 59A No.63-20 Bloque 19A-313, Medellín, Colombia;2. Grupo de Productos Naturales y Bioquímica de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Atlántico, Km 7 via a Puerto Colombia, Colombia;3. Laboratorio de Suelos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 59A No.63-20 Bloque 14-203, Medellín, Colombia;1. Yueyang Hospital and Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China;2. Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;3. East China University of Science and Technology School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200237, China |
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| Abstract: | Glechoma hederacea L. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial plant, which is distributed widely in Europe, Asia and America. Important anti-oxidant compounds are caffeic acid esters like rosmarinic acid (RA) and chlorogenic acid (CA). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS, 4-coumaroyl-CoA:hydroxyphenyllactic acid hydroxycinnamoyltransferase) contribute to the formation of RA. Our aim in this study was to follow the accumulation of RA, CA and caffeic acid in a suspension culture of G. hederacea. Growth, medium and secondary metabolism parameters were determined during a culture period of 14 days. The maximal PAL activity was observed on day 5 and the maximal RAS activity on day 8. The RA content was exceedingly high and reached 25.9% of the dry mass on day 7. Caffeic acid and CA contents remained rather low. Furthermore, the presence of RA, CA and caffeic acid and the expression patterns of RAS and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HST), an important enzyme of monolignol formation, in leaves, flowers, stems and roots of naturally grown G. hederacea were assessed. The expression of RAS and HST genes was detectable in all organs except roots. Flowers accumulated 12.5% RA in their dry mass, leaves, stems and roots about 1%. CA was highest in leaves (2.0%), while it was at 1.6% in flowers, 1.3% in stems and almost undetectable in roots. The caffeic acid content remained at or below 0.4% of the dry weight in all organs. |
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| Keywords: | Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid Hydroxycinnamoylshikimate Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Rosmarinic acid |
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