The dynamic expression of extraembryonic marker genes in the beetle Tribolium castaneum reveals the complexity of serosa and amnion formation in a short germ insect |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Rostock, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Albert-Einstein Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany;2. University of Tübingen, Department of Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;1. Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey;2. UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey;3. Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, 06830, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey;4. Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06500, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey;1. Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy;2. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, CEP, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil;1. UNAM-Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;2. Gazi University Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara 06830, Turkey;3. Gazi University, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, 06500, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;2. Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;1. Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy;2. Rome Center for Molecular Design, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy;3. Department of Math and Phys, L. Vanvitelli, University of Campania, yet Second University of Naples, Viale Lincoln, 5, 81100, Caserta, Italy;4. Alchemical Dynamics srl, 00125, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Most insect embryos develop with two distinct extraembryonic membranes, the serosa and the amnion. In the insect beetle Tribolium the early origin of the serosa within the anterior blastoderm is well established but the origin of the amnion is still debated. It is not known whether this tissue develops from a blastodermal precursor or originates de novo later from embryonic tissue during embryogenesis.We undertook an in-depth analysis of the spatio-temporal expression pattern profile of important extraembryonic membrane marker genes with emphasis on early blastoderm development in Tribolium.The amnion marker iroquois (Tc-iro) was found co-expressed with the serosa marker zerknüllt1 (Tc-zen1) during early blastoderm formation in an anterior cap domain. This domain later resolved into two adjacent domains that likely represent the precursors of the serosa and the amnion. In addition, we found the hindsight ortholog in Tribolium (Tc-hnt) to be a serosa-specific marker. Surprisingly, decapentaplegic (Tc-dpp) expression was not seen as a symmetric cap domain but detected asymmetrically first along the DV- and later also along the AP-axis. Moreover, we found a previously undescribed domain of phosphorylated MAD (pMAD) protein in anterior ventral serosal cells.This is the first study showing that the anterior-lateral part of the amnion originates from the anterior blastoderm while the precursor of the dorsal amnion develops later de novo from a dorsal-posterior region within the differentiated blastoderm. |
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| Keywords: | Extraembryonic membrane Amnion Serosa Dpp pMAD |
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