Unraveling secrets of telomeres: One molecule at a time |
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| Institution: | 1. Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;1. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA;2. Laboratory of Chemical Biology, University of Wroc?aw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroc?aw, Poland;3. Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 253 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, SGM 509, Boston, MA 02115, USA;1. Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD;2. Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada;3. Repeat Diagnostics Inc., North Vancouver, BC, Canada;4. Division of Biostatistics, Milwaukee, WI;5. Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI;6. Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN;7. Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD;8. Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD;9. Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA |
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| Abstract: | Telomeres play important roles in maintaining the stability of linear chromosomes. Telomere maintenance involves dynamic actions of multiple proteins interacting with long repetitive sequences and complex dynamic DNA structures, such as G-quadruplexes, T-loops and t-circles. Given the heterogeneity and complexity of telomeres, single-molecule approaches are essential to fully understand the structure–function relationships that govern telomere maintenance. In this review, we present a brief overview of the principles of single-molecule imaging and manipulation techniques. We then highlight results obtained from applying these single-molecule techniques for studying structure, dynamics and functions of G-quadruplexes, telomerase, and shelterin proteins. |
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| Keywords: | Telomeres Single-molecule imaging Atomic force microscopy Fluorescence microscopy FRET Laser tweezers Magnetic tweezers Protein–DNA interactions |
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