DNA-PK: A dynamic enzyme in a versatile DSB repair pathway |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;2. Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;3. Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;1. Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;2. These authors contributed equally to this work |
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| Abstract: | DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) are the most cytoxic DNA lesion as the inability to properly repair them can lead to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. The prominent DSB repair pathway in humans is non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In the simplest sense, NHEJ mediates the direct re-ligation of the broken DNA molecule. However, NHEJ is a complex and versatile process that can repair DSBs with a variety of damages and ends via the utilization of a significant number of proteins. In this review we will describe the important factors and mechanisms modulating NHEJ with emphasis given to the versatility of this repair process and the DNA-PK complex. |
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| Keywords: | DNA double strand breaks Non-homologous end-joining Ku70/80 DNA-PKcs XRCC4 DNA ligase IV XLF DSBs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" DNA double strand breaks NHEJ" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" non-homologous end-joining HR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" homologous recombination DNA-PK" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" DNA dependent protein kinase Ku" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Ku70/80 DNA-PKcs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0095" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit XRCC4" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" X-ray cross complementing protein 4 XLF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0115" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" XRCC4-like factor PI3K" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0125" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase PIKK" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0135" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-like kinase ATM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0145" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ataxia–telangiectasia mutated ATR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0155" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ATM and Rad3-related HEAT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0165" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Huntington-elongation-A-subunit-TOR FAT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0175" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" , FRAP, ATM, TRRAP FATC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0185" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" FAT C-terminal WRN" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0195" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Werner Thr2609" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0205" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" threonine 2609 Ser2056" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0215" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" serine 2056 APLF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0225" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" aprataxin and PNKP-like factor PNKP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0235" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase EGFR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0245" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" epidermal growth factor receptor EGF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0255" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" epidermal growth factor IR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0265" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" irradiation HP1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0275" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" heterochromatin protein 1 CK2" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0285" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" casein kinase II |
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