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Genetic variation for parental effects on the propensity to gregarise in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Locusta migratoria</Emphasis>
Authors:Marie-Pierre Chapuis  Arnaud Estoup  Arnaud Augé-Sabatier  Antoine Foucart  Michel Lecoq  Yannis Michalakis
Institution:1.Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Campus International de Baillarguet,Montferrier/Lez,France;2.Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses,UMR 2724 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Institut de la Recherche et du Développement, Institut de la Recherche et du Développement,Montpellier Cedex 5,France;3.Ecologie et Ma?trise des Populations d'Acridiens,Département BIOS, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, Campus International de Baillarguet,Montpellier Cedex 5,France
Abstract:

Background  

Environmental parental effects can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences, yet little is known about genetic variation among populations in the plastic responses of offspring phenotypes to parental environmental conditions. This type of variation may lead to rapid phenotypic divergence among populations and facilitate speciation. With respect to density-dependent phenotypic plasticity, locust species (Orthoptera: family Acrididae), exhibit spectacular developmental and behavioural shifts in response to population density, called phase change. Given the significance of phase change in locust outbreaks and control, its triggering processes have been widely investigated. Whereas crowding within the lifetime of both offspring and parents has emerged as a primary causal factor of phase change, less is known about intraspecific genetic variation in the expression of phase change, and in particular in response to the parental environment. We conducted a laboratory experiment that explicitly controlled for the environmental effects of parental rearing density. This design enabled us to compare the parental effects on offspring expression of phase-related traits between two naturally-occurring, genetically distinct populations of Locusta migratoria that differed in their historical patterns of high population density outbreak events.
Keywords:
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