美国阿巴拉契亚山地区五种有尾类核型的比较研究(无肺螈科Plethodonidae,有尾目Caudata)

采用体内注射秋水仙素溶液,肠管、脾脏及精巢作实验材料,制成细胞悬浮液,摘片、空气干燥法或直接压片法制作染色体玻片标本。分析比较了美国东南部南阿巴拉契亚山(Southern AppalchianMountain)地区无肺螈科两属五种Desmognathus monticola, D. quadramaculatus, D. ochrophaeus,Eurycea junaluska E. bislinea?a的核型,它们的二倍体数均为28,没有发现与性别有关的异形染色体。分析表明这些有尾类核型演化途径可能是臂间倒位(periceatric inversioa)和相互易位(reciprocal translocation)。 Desmognathus quadramaculatus, D. och(?)phaeus, Eurycea junaluska三个种的核型是首次报道。

A KARYOTYPIC INVESTIGATION OF FIVE SPECIES OF LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS (FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN

The karyotypes of five Species of lungless Salammders-Desmognathus ochrophaeus, D. quadramaculatus, D. monticola, Euryoea junaluska and E. bislineata-collected from Southern Appalachian Mountain in the United States were reported in present paper. The diploid aamber of all the five species is the same, being 2n=28, but there are some differences in the position of centromere and the relative lengths of the chromosomes. Therefore pericentric iversion and reciprocal translocation may be involved in the Kar-yoty Pic evolution It is interesting to find the karyotypic variation in two population of the species-E. bislineata, in which one population has telocentric chromosomes No 14 in comparison to a metacentic one in the overpopulation.In addition the karyotypes of three species-Desmognatius quadramaculatus, D. ochrophaeus and Eurycea junaluska-have been reported for the first time.