Somite chondrogenesis in vitro: 1. Alterations in proteoglycan synthesis |
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| Authors: | N Vasan K M Lamb O La Manna |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany;3. Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg 90471, Germany;4. Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany;1. Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany;2. Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany;3. Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany;4. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site München, Munich, Germany;5. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;1. Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;2. Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;3. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Image Computing, Germany, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;4. Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;5. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;6. Heidelberg University Hospital, Division of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;7. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;8. National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and the University Medical Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;9. Pattern Analysis and Learning Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;10. AI Health Innovation Cluster, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;11. Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | During embryonic development, somites undergo chondrogenic differentiation when stimulated by notochord or spinal cord. The present study shows that, when cultured in suitable medium, explanted somites incorporated radioactive sulfate into cartilage-specific proteoglycans and the synthetic rate increased when notochord was included with somites. With increased culture time, explanted somites also synthesized proteoglycan monomers which were larger in size along with a larger proportion that were capable of interacting with exogenous hyaluronic acid. Interaction with notochord also resulted in increased synthesis of chondroitin 4-sulfate. Gel electrophoretic analysis showed that proteoglycans from unstimulated somites did not contain link protein (required for stable aggregate formation), even on day 9, while notochord-induced somites showed link protein as early as day 3, increasing 3-fold by day 9. |
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