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Latent infection: a low temperature survival strategy in steinernematid nematodes

Authors:	I M Brown B J Lovett P S Grewal R Gaugler

Institution:	^a Department of Biology, Georgia Southwestern State University, 800 Wheatley St., Americus, GA 31709, USA ^b Department of Entomology, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA ^c Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8524, USA

Abstract:	1. Entomopathogenic nematodes penetrate and kill Galleria mellonella within 48 h at optimal temperatures. 2. Low temperature induces infection latency, preventing host death until optimal conditions resume. 3. Infected Galleria survived 25 days at 5°C. On transfer to 25°C, 100% and 12.5% of Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema riobravis infected larvae died within 72 h. 4. Infective juvenile penetration decreased with decreasing temperature; declining from 49.7 and 49.3 nematodes/host at 25°C to 6.3 and 0.25 nematodes/host at 5°C for S. carpocapsae and S. riobravis, respectively. 5. Latent infection occurs, albeit infrequently, due to low host penetration at low temperature. Author Keywords: Nematode; Steinernema carpocapsae; Steinernema riobravis; Low temperature

Keywords:	Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Steinernema riobravis Low temperature
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