Morphological and physiological properties of non-striated muscle from the tunicate, Ciona intestinalis: parallels with vertebrate skeletal muscle |
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| Authors: | G Nevitt W F Gilly |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecología Marina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina;1. Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan;2. Laboratory for Vertebrate Body Plan, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan;3. Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan;4. Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine (CDBIM), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;5. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;7. Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan;1. Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8541, United States;2. Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8980, United States |
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| Abstract: | Non-striated muscle from the longitudinal body wall muscle in an adult ascidian (tunicate) is characterized morphologically and physiologically. These muscles are unique among chordate non-striated (i.e. 'smooth') muscles in that they are composed of discrete bundles of several small diameter (4-10 microns) muscle cells (fibers) arranged in parallel functional units. Each bundle is wrapped by a basal lamina, and at least some appear to be directly innervated at a neuromuscular junction similar to an end plate. In these regards, a bundle of Ciona smooth muscle cells is analogous to a skeletal muscle fiber of a vertebrate. This analogy also extends to physiological properties. Ciona muscle generates a rapid all-or-none Ca action potential which gives rise to a brisk twitch with brief latency. These anatomical and physiological adaptations are discussed in terms of the evolution of vertebrate skeletal muscle. |
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