低等水生脊椎动物虹彩病毒的免疫逃逸策略

虹彩病毒是一类大分子双链DNA病毒,目前证实可感染100多种水生动物,已给水产养殖业造成重大经济损失,同时也危及到野生动物种群的生物多样性及生态平衡。虹彩病毒在长期的病原与宿主相互作用及进化过程中发展形成了相当系统和完善的免疫逃逸策略,以逃避免疫攻击,完成在宿主体内的复制,以及种内和种间传播。综合归纳分析近年来国内外有关低等脊椎动物虹彩病毒免疫逃逸策略,以及宿主对这些病原的先天性免疫反应研究进展。

Immune evasion strategies of iridoviruses in lower aquatic vertebrates

Iridoviruses are icosahedral, double strand DNA viruses, which can infect more than 100 aquatic animals. Iridoviral disease not only causes great economic losses in aquaculture industry, but also shows serious threat to global biodiversity. During the virus host co-evolution, iridoviruses have developed well immune evasion strategies to avoid the host immune attacking and complete the virus replication and transmission. In this review, we will summarize the recent research progress on iridovirus immune evasion and the host innate immune responses, including the roles of host immune cells in iridovirus infection, manipulation of virus virulent genes on host immune system, and regulation of iridovirus and viral genes to host programmed cell death.