Particulate matter and bacteria characteristics of the Middle East Dust (MED) storms over Ahvaz,Iran

The Middle East Dust storms have greatly affected the south and west parts of Iran during the last decade. The main purpose of this study was to examine and compare culturable airborne bacteria concentration in particulate matter (PM) during normal, semi-dust, and dust event days in different places and seasons in Ahvaz from November 2011 to May 2012. Sampling was performed every 6 days and on dust event days at different sampling stations. The overall mean concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM₁ for the entire study period were 598.92, 114.8, and 34.5 μg/m³, respectively. The PM concentrations during the dust event days were much higher than normal and semi-dust event days. The highest mean PM concentrations were observed in March 2011. The low PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratios indicate that these PM are mostly originating from natural sources such as dust storms. The overall mean concentration of total bacteria during the study period was 620.6 CFU/m³. The greatest bacterial concentrations were observed during dust event days and at areas with high traffic and more human activities compared with normal days and greener areas. The percentage of gram-positive bacteria was significantly higher than that during the study period (89 vs 11 %). During this study, 26 genera of culturable bacteria were identified from all the sampling stations. The most dominant genera in all sampling stations were Streptomyces, Bacillus, Kocuria, Corynebacterium, and Paenibacillus. The results also showed that there were positive correlations between PM and bacterial concentrations during the study period (p < 0.05).