Identification of Neospora caninum proteins regulated during the differentiation process from tachyzoite to bradyzoite stage by DIGE

Identification of differentially expressed proteins during Neospora caninum tachyzoite–bradyzoite conversion processes may lead to a better knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms developed by this important parasite of cattle. In the present work, a differential expression proteomic study of tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages was accomplished for the first time by applying DIGE technology coupled with MS analysis. Up to 72 differentially expressed spots were visualized (1.5‐fold in relative abundance, p<0.05, t‐test). A total of 53 spots were more abundant in bradyzoites and 19 spots in tachyzoites. MS analysis identified 26 proteins; 20 of them overexpressed in the bradyzoite stage and 6 in the tachyzoite stage. Among the novel proteins, enolase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (involved in glycolysis), HSP70 and HSP90 (related to stress response) as well as the dense granule protein GRA9, which showed higher abundance in the bradyzoite stage, might be highlighted. On the other hand, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2, involved in the Krebs cycle, was found to be more abundant in tachyzoites extract. Biological functions from most novel proteins were correlated with previously reported processes during the differentiation process in Toxoplasma gondii. Thus, DIGE technology arises as a suitable tool to study mechanisms involved in the N. caninum tachyzoite to bradyzoite conversion.