Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from anaerobic granular sludges: comparison of chemical and physical extraction protocols |
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Authors: | Paul D’Abzac François Bordas Eric Van Hullebusch Piet N L Lens Gilles Guibaud |
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Institution: | 1. Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Université de Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87 060, Limoges, France 2. Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA 4119, 5 bd Descartes, 77454, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France 3. Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Biotechnion Bomenweg, 2, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract: | The characteristics of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted with nine different extraction protocols from
four different types of anaerobic granular sludge were studied. The efficiency of four physical (sonication, heating, cationic
exchange resin (CER), and CER associated with sonication) and four chemical (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethanol, formaldehyde
combined with heating, or NaOH) EPS extraction methods was compared to a control extraction protocols (i.e., centrifugation).
The nucleic acid content and the protein/polysaccharide ratio of the EPS extracted show that the extraction does not induce
abnormal cellular lysis. Chemical extraction protocols give the highest EPS extraction yields (calculated by the mass ratio
between sludges and EPS dry weight (DW)). Infrared analyses as well as an extraction yield over 100% or organic carbon content
over 1 g g−1 of DW revealed, nevertheless, a carry-over of the chemical extractants into the EPS extracts. The EPS of the anaerobic granular
sludges investigated are predominantly composed of humic-like substances, proteins, and polysaccharides. The EPS content in
each biochemical compound varies depending on the sludge type and extraction technique used. Some extraction techniques lead
to a slightly preferential extraction of some EPS compounds, e.g., CER gives a higher protein yield. |
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