高速匀质-微波辅助提取红松籽油工艺及其品质评价

以红松籽仁为原料，以无水乙醇为提取溶剂，优化高速匀质-微波辅助提取红松籽油的工艺，考察了匀质速度、匀质时间、液料比、微波温度、微波功率及微波时间对红松籽油提取率的影响，最终确定了红松籽油最佳提取条件为：匀质速度12 000 r·min^-1，匀质时间120 s，液料比20 mL·g^-1，微波温度60℃，微波功率700 W，微波时间50 min。在上述条件下，红松籽油最优提取率可达60.3%。利用GC-MS对得到的红松籽油的脂肪酸成分进行了分析，其主要成分为棕榈酸、皮诺敛酸、亚油酸、反-13-十八碳烯酸、顺-13-十八碳烯酸、硬脂酸，不饱和脂肪酸含量高达85.55%，其中松籽油所含有的特异性不饱和脂肪酸-皮诺敛酸含量可达13.65%。此外，对该工艺提取得到的红松籽油的抗氧化活性及理化性质进行了评估，发现红松籽油清除DPPH自由基能力强，其IC₅₀值为0.095 4 g·mL^-1。此外，红松籽油过氧化值和酸值较低，碘值较高，表明红松籽油是一种品质优良的天然油脂。

Ultra Turrax-Microwave Assisted Extraction of Oil from Pinus koraiensis Sieb Seed and its Quality Evaluation

In this work, ultra turrax-microwave assisted extraction process was conducted to extract oil from Pinus koraiensis using ethanol as the extraction solvent. The effects of homogenization speed, homogenization time, liquid-solid ratio, microwave temperature, microwave power, and microwave time on the oil yield were investigated. The optimal conditions for the oil extraction from P.koraiensis seed were obtained as follows:homogeneous speed 12 000 r·min^-1, homogeneous time 120 s, the ratio of liquid to material 20 mL·g^-1, microwave temperature 60℃, microwave power 700 W and microwave time 50 min. Under the above conditions, the optimum oil yield was 60.3%. The fatty acid composition of P.koraiensis seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS, and the main components were identified as linoleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid. The contents of unsaturated fatty acid and specific pinolenic acid reached 85.55% and 13.65%, respectively. The antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of P.koraiensis seed oil were also determined. The seed oil exhibited better DPPH radical scavenging activity with the IC₅₀ value of 0.0954 g·mL^-1. And the seed oil was a high quality natural oil with lower acid value, lower peroxide value and high iodine value.