Diversity and Activity of PAH-Degrading Bacteria in the Phyllosphere of Ornamental Plants |
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Authors: | Chontisak Yutthammo Nudchanard Thongthammachat Pairoh Pinphanichakarn Ekawan Luepromchai |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;(2) Environmental Science Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;(3) National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management (NCE-EHWM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; |
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Abstract: | Phyllosphere bacteria on ornamental plants were characterized based on their diversity and activity towards the removal of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the major air pollutants in urban area. The amounts of PAH-degrading bacteria were
about 1–10% of the total heterotrophic phyllosphere populations and consisted of diverse bacterial species such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycobacterium, and uncultured bacteria. Bacterial community structures analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
from each plant species showed distinct band patterns. The uniqueness of these phyllosphere bacterial communities was partly
due to the variation in leaf morphology and chemical properties of ornamental plants. The PAH degradation activity of these
bacteria was monitored in gas-tight systems containing sterilized or unsterilized leaves. The results indicated that phyllosphere
bacteria on unsterilized leaves were able to enhance the activity of leaves for phenanthrene removal. When compared between
plant species, phenanthrene removal efficiency corresponded to the size of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria. In addition, phyllosphere
bacteria on Wrightia religiosa were able to reduce other PAHs such as acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorine in 60-ml glass vials and in a 14-l glass
chamber. Thus, phyllosphere bacteria on ornamental plants may play an important role in natural attenuation of airborne PAHs
in urban areas. |
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