Fungal tissue per se is stronger as a UV-B screen than secondary fungal extrolites in Lobaria pulmonaria |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;2. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;1. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Végétale et Biogéochimie, CP 244, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D, Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;2. Agroécologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources) (AGHYLE), Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, FR-60026 Beauvais, France;3. Department of Forest, Nature and Landscape. Biodiversity and Landscape unit, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;1. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA;2. Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea;1. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain;2. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway;1. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan;2. Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Japan;3. National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan;4. Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Japan;1. Department of Psychometrics & Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | To test the hypotheses that (1) protective mycobiont tissues and/or (2) medullary UV-B-absorbing carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs) protect lichen photobionts against UV-B radiation, we quantified cortical UV-transmittance and ran a three-way factorial lab experiment with (1) three UV radiation regimes, (2) photobiont layers with/without a screening cortex, and (3) with natural/reduced CBSC-concentration. We used melanin-deficient Lobaria pulmonaria from shaded forests. Maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in photobionts inside thalli with natural CBSC-concentrations was not affected by any UV-regime, consistent with close to 0% measured cortical transmittance of wavelengths <325 nm. Exposing photobiont layers to direct radiation strongly aggravated photoinhibition (P < 0.001), as did an increase in UV-exposure (P < 0.001). The effect of CBSC-removal was weaker (yet significant at P = 0.001), mainly affecting exposed photobiont layers given short-wavelength UV radiation. Based on these findings, we conclude that the primary role of extrolites in L. pulmonaria is not to screen excess solar radiation. |
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| Keywords: | Carbon-based secondary compounds Green algae Stictic acid Sun screens UV-A UV-B UV tolerance UV transmittance |
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