纤维化疾病中的机械敏感性离子通道Piezo1

Piezo1是哺乳动物中新发现的一种机械敏感(mechanosensitive,MS)离子通道,在不同组织和器官中发挥着重要功能,包括骨骼、泌尿道、眼球和动脉等。然而,异常的Piezo1机械传导会造成多种疾病的发生并促进病程的发展。纤维化疾病几乎可以发生在任何一个组织和器官中,其主要特征是胶原蛋白和其他细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)成分的过度交联与累积,最终导致组织器官刚度增加,生理功能受到影响。目前,越来越多的研究表明,Piezo1在纤维化疾病的发生和发展中扮演着重要的调控作用,与其基质力学状态变化有着密切联系。本文叙述了Piezo1的结构和激活机理,并且系统地总结了Piezo1在心、肾、胰和肝等多种器官纤维化疾病中的研究进展,以期为纤维化疾病的治疗提供新的视角和策略。

The Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 in Fibrotic Diseases

Piezo1 is a newly discovered mechanosensitive ion channel in mammals, which plays important functions in different tissues and organs, including bone, urinary tract, eyeball, and artery. However, abnormal Piezo1 mechanical transmission can cause a variety of diseases and promote the course of disease. Fibrotic disease can occur in almost any tissue and organ, and its main feature is excessive cross-linking and accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, which eventually leads to increased stiffness of tissues and organs and affected physiological functions. At present, more and more studies have shown that Piezo1 plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of fibrotic diseases, which is closely related to the change of matrix mechanical state. This paper describes the structure and activation mechanism of Piezo1, and systematically summarizes the research progress of Piezo1 in fibrotic diseases of the heart, kidney, pancreas, liver and other organs, in order to provide a new perspective and strategy for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.