瘤胃纤维素降解细菌的研究进展

反刍动物瘤胃是自然界中最有效的纤维素降解系统，其纤维素降解能力主要源于寄居于其中的纤维素降解细菌、真菌和原虫。其中，瘤胃纤维素降解细菌因数量庞大、种类繁多以及代谢途径丰富，在木质纤维素降解及利用方面发挥着重要作用。本文综述了国内外瘤胃纤维素降解细菌的种类，分析了瘤胃纤维素降解细菌的特性；阐述了瘤胃纤维素降解细菌通过纤维小体对纤维素的降解过程，以及瘤胃微生物之间的相互作用和相互制约关系；简述宏组学技术在开发新纤维素降解菌和新纤维素酶方面的应用，旨在为进一步研究纤维素降解细菌的降解机理，开发新的纤维素菌种和酶资源提供新的思路。

Advances in Rumen Cellulose-Degradable Bacteria

Ruminant rumen is the most effective cellulose degradable system in nature, and its cellulose degradable ability mainly comes from the cellulose degradable bacteria, fungi and protozoa that live in it. Among them, ruminal cellulose-degradable bacteria play an important role in degradation and utilization of lignocellulose due to its large number, variety and rich metabolic pathways. In this paper, the types of rumen cellulose-degradable bacteria both at home and abroad are firstly reviewed, and the characteristics of rumen cellulose-degradable bacteria are analyzed. Then, the cellulose degradation process of rumen cellulose-degradable bacteria through cellulosomes is summarized, and the relationships between rumen microorganisms are expatiated. Finally, the application of macro-omics technology in the development of new cellulose= degradable bacteria and new cellulase is resumed, aiming at providing new ideas for further research on the degradation mechanism of cellulose-degradable bacteria and the development of new cellulose strains and enzyme resources.