Glutathione as an Antioxidant and Regulatory Molecule in Plants Under Abiotic Stress Conditions |
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Authors: | Gabriella Szalai Tibor Kell?s Gábor Galiba Gábor Kocsy |
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Institution: | (1) Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary;(2) Department of Nanotechnology, Pannon University, Egyetem u. 10., 8200 Veszprém, Hungary |
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Abstract: | The glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox couple is involved in several physiologic processes in plants under
both optimal and stress conditions. It participates in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in the cells. The redox state
of the GSH/GSSG couple is defined by its reducing capacity and the half-cell reduction potential, and differs in the various
organs, tissues, cells, and compartments, changing during the growth and development of the plants. When characterizing this
redox couple, the synthesis, degradation, oxidation, and transport of GSH and its conjugation with the sulfhydryl groups of
other compounds should be considered. Under optimal growth conditions, the high GSH/GSSG ratio results in a reducing environment
in the cells which maintains the appropriate structure and activity of protein molecules because of the inhibition of the
formation of intermolecular disulfide bridges. In response to abiotic stresses, the GSH/GSSG ratio decreases due to the oxidation
of GSH during the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in its metabolism. The lower GSH/GSSG ratio
activates various defense mechanisms through a redox signalling pathway, which includes several oxidants, antioxidants, and
stress hormones. In addition, GSH may control gene expression and the activity of proteins through glutathionylation and thiol-disulfide
conversion. This review discusses the size and redox state of the GSH pool, including their regulation, their role in redox
signalling and defense processes, and the changes caused by abiotic stress. |
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Keywords: | Abiotic stress Glutathione Glutathionylation Reactive oxygen species Redox signalling |
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