Laparoscopical intrauterine insemination with different doses of fresh,conserved, and frozen semen for the production of ovine zygotes

The objective of the present study was to increase the efficiency in the production of ovine zygotes suitable for microinjection via laparoscopical intrauterine insemination. In the first part of the study, 71 ewes of three different breeds were inseminated with one of two different insemination doses (50 x 10(6) or 300 x 10(6) sperm per inseminate) and semen was either freshly diluted, liquid conserved, or frozen/thawed, or females were mated by a fertile ram (controls). In the second part, a total of 46 ewes was inseminated with 300 x 10(6) freshly diluted sperm to verify the findings from part 1 and to unravel effects of breed and age of donor ewe. The oviducts were flushed 24-26 h after insemination and the success of insemination was assessed by microscopical examination. Recovery rates were 78.0+/-26.4 and 72.1+/-24.6% in parts 1 and 2 of the study, respectively. Of these oocytes 62.3 and 62.8% (parts 1 and 2, respectively) were fertilized. In part 1, the highest proportion (64.7%) of pronuclear stages was observed in the group inseminated with 300 x 10(6) freshly diluted semen and was significantly higher compared to the groups inseminated with 50 x 10(6) freshly diluted semen (25.5%, P<0.001), 300 x 10(6) liquid conserved semen (49.0%, P<0.001), or 50 x 10(6) frozen/thawed semen (39.6%, P<0.05). In the control group, the proportion of pronuclear stages amounted to 60.2%. Irrespective of the type of sperm conservation, the overall fertilization rate (zygotes plus 2-cell stages) was higher (P<0.05) following insemination with 300 x 10(6) sperm (68.2%) compared to 50 x 10(6) sperm (56.8%). In part 2, the proportion of pronuclear stages reached 54.2% with an overall fertilization rate of 62.9%. These results were affected by breed and age of the donor as crossbred and younger (<3 years) animals yielded the highest proportion of pronuclear stages. The present study shows that freshly diluted semen at a dosage of 300 x 10(6) sperm yields the highest fertilization rates, the greatest proportion of pronuclear stages and the lowest proportion of mature unfertilized oocytes. Further increases in yields of pronuclear stages can possibly be achieved by selection of sheep from the best suited breed and younger than 3 years of age.