河南省花生地方资源蛋白质和脂肪含量分析及其育种利用策略

对233份河南省地方花生资源进行了蛋白质含量、含油量、油酸和亚油酸含量的全面测定,并与省外和国外资源的相关性状进行了比较分析。在河南地方品种资源中,蛋白质含量中等,平均含油量和油酸含量相对较高,但缺乏蛋白质含量超过30%或含油量超过56%、油酸含量超过70%的突出材料。河南省目前高油品种选育有明显进展,育成了一批高油花生品种,但育成品种蛋白质含量普遍偏低。提出了充分利用现有地方品种资源,积极采用远缘杂交、诱变、分子标记辅助选择技术及现代基因工程技术创制优良种质,选育优质专用品种的育种策略。

Profiling of Quality Characteristics for Peanut Germplasm from Henan Province and its Breeding Strategy

The quality traits were detected on peanut seeds of 233 local germplasms in Henan Province including protein content, oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content. They were compared with those traits of the germplasms from other provinces and countries. Local germplasms in Henan possessed medium protein content together with the relatively high oil content and oleic acid content on average. They lacked in outstanding germplasms with protein content of more than 30% or oil content more than 56%, and oleic acid content more than 70%. The currently released varieties in Henan Province had low protein content in general. However, varieties with high oil content were also bred. The breeding strategy were proposed that making full use of available germplasms together with the use of techniques such as making crosses using wild relatives within Arachis, inducing mutants, marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering.