Transmission mode affects the population genetic structure of Daphnia parasites |
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Authors: | Wolinska J Spaak P Koerner H Petrusek A Seda J Giessler S |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department Biologie II, Evolutions?kologie, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universit?t, München, Germany;2. Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland;3. Institute of Integrative Biology, Zurich, Switzerland;4. Department of Neuroimmunologie, Institut für Multiple Sklerose Forschung, Georg‐August Universit?t, G?ttingen, Germany;5. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;6. Biological Centre AS CR, Institute of Hydrobiology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | Parasite life cycle variation can shape parasite evolution, by predisposing them towards different population genetic structures. We compared the population genetic structure of two co-occurring parasite species of Daphnia, to collect evidence for their expected transmission modes. The ichthyosporean Caullerya mesnili has a direct life cycle, whereas the microsporidian Berwaldia schaefernai is hypothesized to require passage through a secondary host. The parasites were collected from three geographically isolated Daphnia populations. The nucleotide variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was assessed at the within-individual, within-population and among-population levels, using amova. We detected significant partitioning at all levels, except for a lack of among-population variation in Berwaldia. This was confirmed by neighbour-joining and principal component analyses; Caullerya populations were distinct from each other, while there was much overlap among parasite isolates representing different populations of Berwaldia. This all implies a higher amount of gene flow for Berwaldia, consistent with the hypothesized transmission mode. |
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Keywords: | coevolution Ichthyosporea internal transcribed spacer intragenomic variation microsporidia population structure transmission mode |
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