蝗虫的发生与防控

蝗虫暴发引起的灾害是全球重要的生物灾害,可影响到全世界十分之一的人口。自2019年,东部非洲、西亚、南亚多个国家遭遇严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害,这场蝗灾不但对该区域的粮食安全构成严重威胁,而且还有可能引发严重的人道主义危机。为了制定合理的防治方案,实施有效防控,避免大规模蝗灾的发生,需要掌握蝗虫的生物学、生态学、暴发和为害规律、防治策略和技术特点及其进展等。本文介绍了世界各地包括沙漠蝗、飞蝗、澳大利亚疫蝗在内的11种可以引起灾害的重要种类的主要分布、为害和特性,并对国内外蝗虫防治策略、技术进展进行了重点综述。最后,针对目前蝗虫防治存在的问题提出了相应建议。

Locust outbreak and management

Locust plagues are the most globally important biological disaster, impacting one tenth of the global population. The desert locust plague is spreading in East Africa and South Asia and West Asia and causing tremendous loss of crops and humanitarian crisis since 2019. To design management program and control effectively to avoid the large scale locust plague, it is necessary to well understand locust biology, ecology, dynamics of locust outbreak and damage and the proper control measures. This paper firstly introduces the distribution, damage and characteristic of 11 important locust species which could cause locust plague, including desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, migratory locust. Locusta migratoria and Australian plague locust Chortoicetes terminifera in the world, then highlights on review of the progresses in locust management strategies, control methods lastly, some suggestions are proposed on the problems in locust management.