The seroprevalence of pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus in China |
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Authors: | Xu Cuiling Bai Tian Iuliano A Danielle Wang Min Yang Lei Wen Leying Zeng Yuhong Li Xiaodan Chen Tao Wang Wei Hu Ying Yang Limei Li Zi Zou Shumei Li Dexin Wang Shiwen Feng Zijian Zhang Yanping Yu Hongjie Yang Weizhong Wang Yu Widdowson Marc-Alain Shu Yuelong |
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Institution: | State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. |
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Abstract: | BackgroundMainland China experienced pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus (pH1N1) with
peak activity during November-December 2009. To understand the geographic
extent, risk factors, and attack rate of pH1N1 infection in China we
conducted a nationwide serological survey to determine the prevalence of
antibodies to pH1N1.Methodology/Principal FindingsStored serum samples (n?=?2,379) collected during
2006-2008 were used to estimate baseline serum reactogenicity to pH1N1. In
January 2010, we used a multistage-stratified random sampling method to
select 50,111 subjects who met eligibility criteria and collected serum
samples and administered a standardized questionnaire. Antibody response to
pH1N1 was measured using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and the
weighted seroprevalence was calculated using the Taylor series linearization
method. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine risk
factors for pH1N1 seropositivity. Baseline seroprevalence of pH1N1 antibody
(HI titer ≥40) was 1.2%. The weighted seroprevalence of pH1N1
among the Chinese population was 21.5%(vaccinated: 62.0%;
unvaccinated: 17.1%). Among unvaccinated participants, those aged
6-15 years (32.9%) and 16-24 years (30.3%) had higher
seroprevalence compared with participants aged 25–59 years
(10.7%) and ≥60 years (9.9%, P<0.0001). Children in
kindergarten and students had higher odds of seropositivity than children in
family care (OR: 1.36 and 2.05, respectively). We estimated that 207.7
million individuals (15.9%) experienced pH1N1 infection in China.Conclusions/SignificanceThe Chinese population had low pre-existing immunity to pH1N1 and experienced
a relatively high attack rate in 2009 of this virus. We recommend routine
control measures such as vaccination to reduce transmission and spread of
seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. |
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