Assessing the impact of gold mining in headwater streams of Eastern Amazonia using Ephemeroptera assemblages and biological traits |
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| Institution: | 1. Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 31062 Toulouse, France;2. CNRS, EcoLab (UMR-CNRS 5245), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France;3. Hydreco, Laboratoire Environnement Petit-Saut, BP 823, 97388 Kourou Cedex, Guyane, France;1. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Núcleo de Ecologia de Insetos, Hexapoda, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil;4. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;1. Center of Environmental Sciences EULA-CHILE, Universidad de Concepción, Chile;2. Institute of Marine Science and Limnology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile;3. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA;4. Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), CEP: 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correia, No. 1 Bairro Guamá, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil;1. Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China;2. Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, People’s Republic of China;3. Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2895 SE Glenn, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA;4. Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2.936 Petrópolis, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil;5. Setor Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil;6. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil;7. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom;8. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;9. Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Avenida Mendonça Furtado, No. 2946, Bairro Fátima, CEP: 68040-470, Santarém, PA, Brazil;10. Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil;11. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Travessa Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n, CP 48, Belém, PA, 66.095-100, Brazil;12. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correia, No. 1, Bairro Guamá, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil;13. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CCS, Bloco A. CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;1. Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland;2. Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;1. Department of Mathematics, West Chester University of PA, West Chester, PA, United States;2. Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA, United States |
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| Abstract: | Whilst the biological traits composition of invertebrate assemblages has been successfully used to monitor temperate rivers, it has been seldom tested in tropical areas. We compared the trait composition of Ephemeroptera assemblages (five traits, 21 modalities) in three categories of headwater streams of FG: reference (undisturbed) sites, sites formerly impacted by gold-mining, and sites currently impacted by gold-mining. Differences in macroinvertebrate assemblage according to environmental characteristics and disturbance were evaluated using correspondence analysis and MANOVA. Among the considered traits, food acquisition, respiration and locomotion detected both past and current disturbance associated with gold-mining in headwaters. A fuzzy correspondence analysis showed a significant segregation of currently gold-mined, formerly gold-mined, and reference sites according to species traits. Shifts in trait composition were mostly related to changes in assemblage composition. Interestingly, no significant decline in diversity indices was observed in formerly gold-mined sites compared to the reference sites, 2 years after abandonment, while the taxonomic and trait composition of communities changed at these sites. These results support the case for further fundamental quantification of species traits, and for the inclusion of sensitive, trait-related metrics in upcoming multimetric indices for the assessment of river health. |
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| Keywords: | Biological traits Biomonitoring Fuzzy-coding Mayfly Neotropical rivers Macroinvertebrates |
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