Mismatches between ecosystem services supply and demand in urban areas: A quantitative assessment in five European cities |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z, Carrer de les Columnes, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;2. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoser Straße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;3. Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of Geography, Lab for Landscape Ecology, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany;4. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;5. Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;1. Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215155, China;2. Suzhou Administrative Institution, Suzhou 215155, China;3. Institute of Applied Ecology, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China;4. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar;5. Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;1. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée Bât. Villemin–BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France;2. Irstea, Mediterranean Ecosystems and Risk Research Unit, UR EMAX, 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, 1382 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 05, France;3. Social-Ecological Systems Laboratory, Department Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 2–C-201 (Biology Fac.), Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain;1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China;2. College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, West University Road 235, Hohhot 010021, China;1. Humboldt University of Berlin, Dept. of Geography, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;2. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Climate Impacts & Vulnerabilities - Research Domain II, Telegraphenberg A 31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;3. Technische Universität Berlin, Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Straße des 17. Juni 145, 10623 Berlin, Germany;4. Office of Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg, Dept. Microdata, Analyses, Data Research Center, Alt-Friedrichsfelde 60, 10315 Berlin, Germany;1. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;2. Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway;4. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;5. Department of Geography, Lab for Landscape Ecology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany;6. Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoser Straße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Assessing mismatches between ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand can provide relevant insights for enhancing human well-being in urban areas. This paper provides a novel methodological approach to assess regulating ES mismatches on the basis of environmental quality standards and policy goals. Environmental quality standards (EQS) indicate the relationship between environmental quality and human well-being. Thus, they can be used as a common minimum threshold value to determine whether the difference between ES supply and demand is problematic for human well-being. The methodological approach includes three main steps: (1) selection of EQS, (2) definition and quantification of ES supply and demand indicators, and (3) identification and assessment of ES mismatches on the basis of EQS considering certain additional criteria. While ES supply indicators estimate the flow of an ES actually used or delivered, ES demand indicators express the amount of regulation needed in relation to the standard. The approach is applied to a case study consisting of five European cities: Barcelona, Berlin, Stockholm, Rotterdam and Salzburg, considering three regulating ES which are relevant in urban areas: air purification, global climate regulation and urban temperature regulation. The results show that levels of ES supply and demand are highly heterogeneous across the five studied cities and across the EQS considered. The assessment shows that ES supply contributes very moderately in relation to the compliance with the EQS in most part of the identified mismatches. Therefore, this research suggests that regulating ES supplied by urban green infrastructure are expected to play only a minor or complementary role to other urban policies intended to abate air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions at the city scale. The approach has revealed to be appropriate for the regulating ES air purification and global climate regulation, for which well-established standards or targets are available at the city level. Yet, its applicability to the ES urban temperature regulation has proved more problematic due to scale and user dependent constraints. |
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| Keywords: | Air purification Assessment Global climate regulation Green infrastructure Human well-being Urban temperature regulation |
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