Restoration of genetic diversity from soil seed banks in a threatened aquatic plant, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nymphoides peltata</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Ryuji Uesugi Jun Nishihiro Yoshihiko Tsumura Izumi Washitani |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Ecological Information, Division of Environmental Science & Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan;(2) Laboratory of Conservation Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;(3) Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan |
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Abstract: | Populations of a threatened aquatic plant, Nymphoides peltata, have rapidly degenerated under the influence of recent artificial changes in Lake Kasumigaura of Japan. To estimate the
potential of soil seed banks for genetic restoration of the species, we used 10 microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic
variation in adults and in seedlings that emerged from soil seed banks. About 187 leaf samples from the cultured stocks that
were collected in 17 adult subpopulations in 1995 and 2000 and from three subpopulations that were newly discovered in 2002
were analyzed. As a result, only 18 genets could be identified, suggesting that clonal diversity of the adult population had
already become extremely low. Genetic tests were performed on 430 seedlings from seed banks at six locations of natural lakeshores
and three of the restoration sites that were artificially constructed in an attempt to assign them to the remnant adult population;
many of the seedlings showed genetic variation different from the adults. Furthermore, the seedlings preserved seven alleles
that had been lost from remnant adults. However, they had lower average numbers of alleles and heterozygosity levels (NA = 1.5–3.1,
H
E = 0.146–0.487) than the remnant adults (NA = 3.5, H
E = 0.539) and showed high inbreeding coefficients, suggesting that the seed banks were produced by inbreeding. Thus, although
the seed banks had a certain potential to restore genetic diversity, the fitness reduction in seed banks caused by inbreeding
could affect the success of restoration based on seed banks. |
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Keywords: | Clonal diversity Ex situ conservation Genetic rescue Soil seed bank Restoration ecology |
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