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In vivo coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy reveals vitamin A distribution in the liver |
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| Authors: | Marko Rodewald Hyeonsoo Bae Sophie Huschke Tobias Meyer-Zedler Michael Schmitt Adrian Tibor Press Stephanie Schubert Michael Bauer Juergen Popp |
| Institution: | 1. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany;2. Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Jena, Germany;3. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;4. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;5. Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany |
| Abstract: | Here we present a microscope setup for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging, devised to specifically address the challenges of in vivo experiments. We exemplify its capabilities by demonstrating how CARS microscopy can be used to identify vitamin A (VA) accumulations in the liver of a living mouse, marking the positions of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs are the main source of extracellular matrix protein after hepatic injury and are therefore the main target of novel nanomedical strategies in the development of a treatment for liver fibrosis. Their role in the VA metabolism makes them an ideal target for a CARS-based approach as they store most of the body's VA, a class of compounds sharing a retinyl group as a structural motive, a moiety that is well known for its exceptionally high Raman cross section of the C═C stretching vibration of the conjugated backbone. |
| Keywords: | coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering hepatic stellate cells liver fibrosis multimodal nonlinear microscopy vitamin A |