Fungal Biofilms in the Clinical Lab Setting |
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Authors: | Jyotsna Chandra Pranab K Mukherjee Mahmoud A Ghannoum |
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Institution: | 1.Center for Medical Mycology and Mycology Reference Laboratory Department of Dermatology,University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland,USA |
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Abstract: | Device-related infections are often associated with biofilms (microbial communities encased within polysaccharide-rich extracellular
matrix) formed by pathogens on surfaces of these devices. Candida species are the most common fungi isolated from infections associated with catheters and dentures, and both Candida and Fusarium are commonly isolated from contact lens–related infections such as fungal keratitis. These biofilms exhibit decreased susceptibility
to most antimicrobial agents, which contributes to the persistence of infection. Drug resistance in fungal biofilms is multifactorial
and phase-dependent; for example, efflux pumps mediate resistance in biofilms during early phase, whereas altered membrane
sterol composition contributes to resistance in mature phase. Both substrate type and surface coatings play an important role
in the pathogenesis of device-related fungal biofilms. Host immune cells influence the ability of Candida to form biofilms in vitro. This review summarizes recent advances in research on fungal biofilms and discusses their clinical
relevance. |
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