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Breathing space: deoxygenation of aquatic environments can drive differential ecological impacts across biological invasion stages |
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| Authors: | Dickey James W. E. Coughlan Neil E. Dick Jaimie T. A. Médoc Vincent McCard Monica Leavitt Peter R. Lacroix Gérard Fiorini Sarah Millot Alexis Cuthbert Ross N. |
| Affiliation: | 1.Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK ;2.Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587, Berlin, Germany ;3.School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland ;4.Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France ;5.Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada ;6.iEES-Paris, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (IRD, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot), CC237, Paris, France ;7.Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron Ile-De-France), UMS 3194, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France ;8.GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany ; |
| Abstract: | The influence of climate change on the ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) remains understudied, with deoxygenation of aquatic environments often-overlooked as a consequence of climate change. Here, we therefore assessed how oxygen saturation affects the ecological impact of a predatory invasive fish, the Ponto-Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), relative to a co-occurring endangered European native analogue, the bullhead (Cottus gobio) experiencing decline in the presence of the IAS. In individual trials and mesocosms, we assessed the effect of high, medium and low (90%, 60% and 30%) oxygen saturation on: (1) functional responses (FRs) of the IAS and native, i.e. per capita feeding rates; (2) the impact on prey populations exerted; and (3) how combined impacts of both fishes change over invasion stages (Pre-invasion, Arrival, Replacement, Proliferation). Both species showed Type II potentially destabilising FRs, but at low oxygen saturation, the invader had a significantly higher feeding rate than the native. Relative Impact Potential, combining fish per capita effects and population abundances, revealed that low oxygen saturation exacerbates the high relative impact of the invader. The Relative Total Impact Potential (RTIP), modelling both consumer species’ impacts on prey populations in a system, was consistently higher at low oxygen saturation and especially high during invader Proliferation. In the mesocosm experiment, low oxygen lowered RTIP where both species were present, but again the IAS retained high relative impact during Replacement and Proliferation stages at low oxygen. We also found evidence of multiple predator effects, principally antagonism. We highlight the threat posed to native communities by IAS alongside climate-related stressors, but note that solutions may be available to remedy hypoxia and potentially mitigate impacts across invasion stages. |
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