Role of Bamboo-Shoot in the Pathogenesis of Endemic Goiter in Manipur,North East India |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India;2. Department of Zoology, D.M. College of Science, Manipur, India;3. Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio;2. Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio;3. Yale Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;4. Yale Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;5. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio;1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;2. Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel;3. Center for Clinical Quality and Safety, Jerusalem, Israel;4. Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;1. University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Baltimore Washington Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland;3. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;4. Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Sapienza University of Rome Experimental Medicine Department Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit;1. Endocrinology Service, Experimental Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social 11560 Mexico City, Mexico;;2. Departments of Medicine and Clinical Pathology, The American British Cowdray Medical Center. |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveEndemic goiter is prevalent in the iodine-sufficient region of Manipur, India. Bamboo shoot (BS), a goitrogenic plant food, are consumed regularly in the area. The objective of this study was to examine the role of BS in the pathogenesis of endemic goiter.MethodsGoiter prevalence, urinary iodine, and thiocyanate (SCN) excretion in school children, iodine content in drinking water, and the household consumption of salt fortified with iodine were measured. To confirm the goitrogenic potential of BS, its progoitrogenic constituents were fed to rats as part of an iodine-sufficient diet, after which the animals' thyroid gland morphology and functional status were assessed.ResultsGoiter prevalence was 31% in 4852 children, and the median urinary I and SCN levels were 176.3 μg/L and 0.962 ± 0.190 mg/dL, respectively. Of the households assessed, 90% consumed salt fortified with adequate iodine. Progoitrogenic constituents were high in BS from Manipur. Increased thyroid weight, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of follicular cells, decreased thyroid peroxidase activity, and low serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were observed in BS-fed rats.ConclusionNearly one third of the studied participants had palpable goiter, despite a successful salt iodine fortification program. SCN from BS causes goiter in iodine-sufficient experimental animals. Similar ingestion in study participants was confirmed and is the likely cause for the persistence of endemic goiter in the Manipur region. (Endocr Pract. 2013;19:36-45) |
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