Chemical structure and function of glycosphingolipids of Sphingomonas spp and their distribution among members of the α-4 subclass of Proteobacteria |
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Authors: | K Kawahara H Kuraishi U Zähringer |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Bacteriology, The Kitasato Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan, JP;(2) Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama-shi, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan, JP;(3) Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany, DE |
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Abstract: | Sphingomonas spp are phylogenetically placed in the α-4 subclass of Proteobacteria. They have glycosphingolipids (GSL) in their membranes instead of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as in other Gram-negative bacteria.
S. paucimobilis, the type species of the genus, has GSL-1, which contains only glucuronic acid (GlcA) as a sugar moiety, and GSL-4A, which
contains a tetrasaccharide including GlcA. GSL-1 and GSL-4A form the outer membrane of S. paucimobilis with outer membrane proteins and phospholipids. In the outer membrane, GSLs are assumed to locate and function as does the
LPS of other Gram-negative bacteria. Sphingomonas spp closely related to the type species contain both GSL-1 and the oligosaccharide-type GSL such as GSL-4A, but other Sphingomonas spp and other genera in the α-4 subclass of Proteobacteria contain only GSL-1. Structural variations of fatty acids and dihydrosphingosines in the GSL-1 are presented.
Received 19 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 18 June 1999 |
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Keywords: | : Sphingomonas glycosphingolipid chemical structure outer membrane phylogeny |
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