Low parasite infestations in high densities: The paradox of woodpigeons in urban areas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dirección General de Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Vivienda y Agricultura, Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá 16, Madrid, Spain;2. Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, FVHE, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany;3. Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary;4. Centre for Eco-Epidemiology, National Laboratory for Health Security, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary;5. Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;6. National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology (Z&O), Mailbox 63, room V353, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;7. Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;8. Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, Volodarskogo 6, 625003 Tyumen, Russia;9. FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, Poselenie Moskovskiy, 108819 Moscow, Russia;10. Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France;11. Animal Health Department, INRAE, 37380 Nouzilly, France;12. Laboratory of Parasitology, State Scientific and Production Association “Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Bioresources”, 27, Akademicheskaya Str, 220072 Minsk, Belarus;13. Department of Microbial Ecology and Acaroentomology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego str. 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;14. Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria;15. AGES-Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstrasse 191, Vienna, 1220, Austria;p. Tick-radar GmbH, 10555 Berlin, Germany;q. Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda street 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland;r. Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;s. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Engineering Disciplines, Tole Bi, 94, Almaty, Kazakhstan;t. Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia;u. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology, Srobarova 2, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia;v. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell''Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;w. Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania;x. Animal Health Dept. Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain;y. Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France;z. I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdana Khmelnytskovo 15, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine;11. Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;22. University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 4, Belgrade, Serbia;33. Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology, Kars, Turkey;44. CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Queensland Museum, Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia;2. Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;3. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico;4. The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia;1. University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France;2. CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France;3. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 20520, South Africa;4. Department of Natural Sciences, Santa Fe College, Gainesville, Florida 32606, USA;5. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;1. Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;2. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;1. Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box 653, Santiago, Chile;2. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile;3. Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando, Chile;4. School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom;5. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;3. Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;4. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, USA;5. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC, Box 586, Uppsala Universitet, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;6. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | The type of habitat occupied by avian populations has a marked effect on the parasitises they host. The growth of cities and urban areas in recent decades has favoured some species of birds adapted to these types of habitats – urban exploiters – although the effects of urbanisation on the parasitism of wildlife are not always well known. This study compares the ectoparasites characteristic of two differentiated populations of woodpigeons, one located in a predominantly urban environment and the other in a rural one. Most of the species found were chewing lice, with Columbicola claviformis and Campanulotes bidentatus being dominant. Despite the higher density of the urban population, woodpigeon individuals were characterised by a lower abundance of chewing lice, as well as the presence of ectoparasites typical of feral pigeons such as Hohorstiella lata and the hippoboscids fly, Pseudolynchia canariensis. Similarly, birds with lower weights showed a higher parasitic load, which became more noticeable in urban woodpigeons. The lower ectoparasite load of urban hosts represents a health advantage compared with rural populations, which could be one of the causes of greater growth and reproductive success in urban populations of woodpigeons. |
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| Keywords: | Chewing lice Parasitology Urbanization Urban exploiters Ectoparasites Columba |
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