Geranylgeranoic acid,a bioactive and endogenous fatty acid in mammals: a review期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

按检索

Geranylgeranoic acid,a bioactive and endogenous fatty acid in mammals: a review

Institution:	University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki, Japan

Abstract:	Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) was first reported in 1983 as one of the mevalonic acid metabolites, but its biological significance was not studied for a long time. Our research on the antitumor effects of retinoids led us to GGA, one of the acyclic retinoids that induce cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines. We were able to demonstrate the presence of endogenous GGA in various tissues of male rats, including the liver, testis, and cerebrum, by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of GGA from mevalonic acid in mammals including humans was confirmed by isotopomer spectral analysis using ¹³C-labeled mevalonolactone and cultured hepatoma cells, and the involvement of hepatic monoamine oxidase B in the biosynthesis of GGA was also demonstrated. The biological activity of GGA was analyzed from the retinoid (differentiation induction) and nonretinoid (cell death induction) aspects, and in particular, the nonretinoid mechanism by which GGA induces cell death in hepatoma cells was found to involve pyroptosis via ER stress responses initiated by TLR4 signaling. In addition to these effects of GGA, we also describe the in vivo effects of GGA on reproduction. In this review, based mainly on our published papers, we have shown that hepatic monoamine oxidase B is involved in the biosynthesis of GGA and that GGA induces cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines by noncanonical pyroptosis, one of the mechanisms of sterile inflammatory cell death.

Keywords:	caspase 4 ER stress-induced unfolded protein response isoprenoids pyroptosis TLR4 ABT"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"aminobenzotriazole ADH"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"alcohol dehydrogenase APL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"acute promyelocytic leukemia APP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"amyloid precursor protein ATRA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "$$":[{"#name":"__text__" "_":"all-"} {"#name":"italic" "_":"trans"} {"#name":"__text__" "_":" retinoic acid BDNF"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"brain-derived neurotrophic factor BG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"bergamottin CASP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0115"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"caspase CRABP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0125"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"cellular retinoic acid binding protein DAG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0135"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"diacylglycerol DMAPP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0145"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"dimethylallyl diphosphate ENPP2"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0155"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 FA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0165"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"farnesoic acid FPP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0175"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"farnesyl diphosphate GA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0185"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"geranoic acid GGA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0195"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"geranylgeranoic acid GGal"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0205"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"geranylgeranyl aldehyde GGOH"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0215"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"geranylgeraniol GGPP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0225"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"geranylgeranyl diphosphate GSDMD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0235"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"gasdermin D HIV-1"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0245"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"human immunodeficiency virus type-1 IPP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0255"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"isoprenyl diphosphate ISA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0265"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"isotopomer spectral analysis LSD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0275"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"lysine demethylase lyso-PC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0285"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"lysophosphatidylcholine lyso-PL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0295"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"lysophospholipid MAOA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0305"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"monoamine oxidase A MAOB"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0315"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"monoamine oxidase B MVA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0325"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"mevalonic acid MVL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0335"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"mevalonolactone OA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0345"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"oleic acid PA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0355"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"palmitic acid RAR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0365"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"retinoic acid receptor RI"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0375"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"reproductive index RXR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0385"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"retinoid X receptor SCO2"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0395"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 2 SPL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0405"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase TCP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0415"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"tranylcypromine TLR4"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0425"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"toll-like receptor-4 ER stress-induced unfolded protein response ZAA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0445"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"zaragozic acid A
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏