意大利蜜蜂工蜂卵巢发育的研究

蜜蜂Apis mellifera L.蜂群中的工蜂卵巢发育和工蜂产卵现象受多种因素控制,了解其影响因素对养蜂生产具有重要意义。本研究将意大利蜜蜂蜂群设置为囚王群(tg1)、无王有子群(tg2)、无王无子群(tg3)以及正常有王蜂群(CK)4个试验组,通过对工蜂卵巢管的显微观察,确定不同处理组工蜂在不同时间段内卵巢的发育情况。结果表明:随着时间的延长,与CK处理组相比,tg3处理组中的工蜂卵巢发育水平最高,tg2次之,tg1最低;在31d时,4个处理组两两之间差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。tg1、tg2和tg3处理组中工蜂产卵前期时间分别为35、22和17d,而CK蜂群在试验期内未出现工蜂产卵现象;tg2和tg3处理组的工蜂产卵的封盖前期时间分别为8和6d,而tg1和CK组在试验期内未出现子房封盖现象。蜂群失王时间过长会刺激工蜂卵巢发育,并导致其产卵;蜂群的短期失王和蜂王老化也会刺激工蜂卵巢发育,但是刺激程度较低;蜂群中的蜂子能抑制工蜂卵巢管的发育,因此在蜂群短时间失王时可以适当地补充子脾延缓工蜂卵巢发育。

Influencing factors on workers' ovarian development of the honeybee Apis mellifera colonies

The factors inhibiting ovarian development and oviposition in worker honeybees Apis mellifera L. were investigated in four kinds of honeybee colonies; queen-caged colonies （ tg1 ）,queenless colonies with broods（ tg2 ）,queenless and broodless colonies （ tg3 ） and normal queen colonies （ CK）. Workers’ovarian development was observed under the microscope and a developmental index of oocyte development determined. The results show that,relative to CK,the degree of ovarian development was least in tg1 workers,higher in tg2 workers and greatest in tg3 workers. Differences in the ovarian development index were significant between the four groups after 31 days（P 0. 05）. The pre-oviposition period of tg1,tg2 and tg3 workers were 35d,22d and 17d,respectively. The comb capping time of tg2 and tg3 were 8d and 6d respectively. However,CK or tg1 workers did not cap combs,and CK workers didn’t oviposit. We conclude that the prolonged absence of a queen was more effective in triggering workers’ovarian development and oviposition than either a relatively short absence of a queen or an aging queen. The presence of a brood also inhibited worker’s ovarian development in queenless colonies,so addition of brood comb to such colonies could prevent workers from ovipositing.