Growth layers and incremental markings in hard tissues; a review of the literature and some preliminary observations about enamel structure in Paranthropus boisei |
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| Institution: | 1. Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia;2. Institute of Plants and Animals Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta st. 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia;3. AV Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo St., Vladvostok 690041, Russia;1. School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7N, UK;2. Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;3. School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Centre for Human Evolution Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;2. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK;3. Bristol Bioresource Laboratories/MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK;4. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK |
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| Abstract: | The general factors underlying the formation of growth layers and incremental markings in hard tissues are reviewed with particular reference to fossil hominid tooth enamel. The experimental and circumstantial evidence that point to a slowing of enamel matrix secretion in a daily (circadian) and near weekly (circaseptan) mode during tooth formation is also reviewed. Data from previous studies in which the number of daily increments between adjacent striae of Retzius have been recorded in primates are reviewed and new data are presented for this repeat interval in fossil hominids. The factors likely to influence the number of striae of Retzius beneath the cuspal regions of anterior teeth are outlined and the limitations of employing surface incremental features to obtain estimates for age at death of an individual are also discussed. It is concluded that there is good evidence to support the hypothesis that perikymata are near weekly incremental phenomena with a likely periodicity of 7,8 or 9 days in fossil hominids. It can also be concluded that at present, better estimates for the age at death of an individual during early phases of the growth period can be obtained from studies of perikymata than by any other non-destructive technique. |
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