Sublethal effects of the toxic alga Heterosigma akashiwo on the southeastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) |
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Authors: | Charles J Keppler Jennifer Hoguet Kristin Smith Amy H Ringwood Alan J Lewitus |
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Institution: | a South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;b Grice Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;c Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, TX 75205, USA;d Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, P.O. Box 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442, USA |
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Abstract: | Over the last three years, several blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) were documented in South Carolina (SC) brackish waters, including areas containing extensive oyster (Crassostrea virginica) beds. This study examined the sublethal effects of H. akashiwo on C. virginica, based on cellular biomarker responses after exposure to laboratory cultures of H. akashiwo isolated from SC waters, and to water collected from two SC H. akashiwo blooms. Exposure to laboratory cultures or blooms of H. akashiwo significantly increased oyster hepatopancreas lysosomal destabilization rates, but had little effect on gill p-glycoprotein (p-gp) expression. Lysosomal destabilization in oysters continued to increase even after a 7-day recovery period in clean seawater, suggesting that H. akashiwo toxin or other cellular byproducts continued to damage the hepatopancreas. These results suggest that even short-term exposures of oysters to high cell densities of H. akashiwo could have long-term adverse physiological effects, and imply that oyster health may be compromised in areas where repetitive H. akashiwo blooms occur. |
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Keywords: | Crassostrea virginica Harmful algal blooms Heterosigma akashiwo Lysosomal destabilization P-glycoprotein Raphidophytes Shellfish Sublethal effects |
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