藏羚羊和藏野驴粪便真菌多样性比较研究

为探究西藏地区反刍动物（藏羚羊）和单胃草食动物（藏野驴）粪便中真菌群落结构,本研究采用ITS1区高通量测序方法分析西藏羌塘国家自然保护区藏羚羊和藏野驴新鲜粪便中真菌的多样性。结果表明:从5头藏羚羊新鲜粪便中共鉴定出5个门、15个纲、32个目、45个科和56个属的真菌;从5头藏野驴新鲜粪便中共鉴定出3个门、10个纲、18个目、18个科和20个属的真菌。子囊菌门Ascomycota为优势门,相对多度占所有真菌门数的82.70%;寡囊盘菌属Thelebolus、Naganishia和亚隔孢壳属Didymella为优势属,3个属的相对多度依次占所有真菌属数的43.91%、7.38%和7.03%。藏羚羊和藏野驴粪便真菌菌群存在明显差异,其中34个属的多度在两种野生动物新鲜粪便中有显著差异,这说明动物的种类会影响其粪便中真菌多样性。

Comparative study on fecal fungal diversity between Tibetan antelope and Tibetan wild ass

Fungal diversity and community structure in the feces of ruminants (Tibetan antelope) and monogastric herbivores (Tibetan wild ass) in Tibet are investigated by using ITS1 high through-put sequencing method. Five phyla, 15 classes, 32 orders, 45 families and 56 genera were discovered in feces of Tibetan antelopes. Three phyla, 10 classes, 18 orders, 18 families and 28 genera were discovered in feces of Tibetan wild asses. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum, and the relative abundance accounted for 82.70% of the total fungal phyla. Thelebolus, Naganishia and Didymella were the dominant genera, and the relative abundance accounted for 43.91%, 7.38% and 7.03% of the total fungal genera, respectively. The comparison of facal fungal community structure between Tibetan antelope and Tibetan wild ass by using Metastats showed that the fungal community composition in the feces of the two animal species was different, in which the relative abundance of 34 genera showed significant differences.