贵州马尾松内生真菌多样性

为探究贵州马尾松Pinus massoniana内生真菌的群落组成及多样性。本研究在不同季节,采用组织分离法对30年生健康马尾松的根、茎、叶进行内生真菌的分离,结合形态学和ITS序列进行菌株鉴定,并分析其多样性。结果表明：从1 328块马尾松组织块中分离得到1 099株内生真菌,其总定殖率为93.98%,总分离率为82.76%。其中,明确分类地位的1 084株归属于子囊菌门Ascomycota、担子菌门Basidiomycota和毛霉菌门Mucoromycota 3个门,包括了10个纲21个目37个科55个属69个种。木霉属Trichoderma（IR=10.84%,IF=13.10%）、拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis（IR=9.55%,IF=11.57%）、镰刀菌属Fusarium（IR=8.58%,IF=10.38%）、链格孢属Alternaria（IR=7.07%,IF=8.56%）、青霉属Penicillium（IR=5.50%,IF=6.65%）为优势属。多样性与相似性分析表明,不同季节中秋季（H’=3.02,D=0.94）分离得到的马尾松内生真菌最为丰富,其次为夏季（H’=2.64,D=0.91）,而冬季与夏季（Cs_冬-夏=0.43）最为相似;根部（H’=2.96,D=0.93）的内生真菌具有丰富的多样性,其次为茎（H’=2.69,D=0.91）,最后为叶（H’=2.37,D=0.88）,茎与根（Cs_茎-根=0.45）所分离得到的内生真菌相似性最高,其次为叶和茎（Cs_叶-茎=0.33）,最后为叶和根（Cs_叶-根=0.25）。本研究结果有助于进一步探究马尾松内生真菌物种组成、影响因素以及内生真菌功能的开发。

Diversity of endophytic fungi from Pinus massoniana in Guizhou Province,southwestern China

Diversity of community composition of endophytic fungi from Pinus massoniana in Guizhou Province was investigated.The endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots,stems and leaves of 30-year-old healthy P.massoniana by tissue isolation method in different seasons.Morphology identification combined with ITS sequence analysis resulted in acquisition of 1099 isolates of endophytic fungi from 1328 tissue blocks of P.massoniana.The total colonization rate was 93.98%,and the total isolation rate was 82.76%.Among them,1084 isolates belonged in 10 classes,21 orders,37 families,55 genera and 69 species of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Mucormycota,Trichoderma(IR=10.84%,IF=13.10%),Pestalotiopsis(IR=9.55%,IF=11.57%),Fusarium(IR=8.58%,IF=10.38%),Alternaria(IR=7.07%,IF=8.56%)and Penicillium(IR=5.50%,IF=6.65%)were the dominant genera.Diversity and similarity analysis showed that the most abundance of endophytic fungi occurred in autumn(H’=3.02,D=0.94),but less in summer(H’=2.64,D=0.91).The abundance in winter and summer(Cs_{winter-summer}=0.43)was most similar.The diversity of endophytic fungi in root(H’=2.96,D=0.93)was richer than that in stems(H’=2.69,D=0.43),while their similarity in stems and roots(Cs_stem-root=0.45)was the highest,that in leaves and stems(CS_leaf-stem=0.33)was lower,and that in leaves and roots(CS_leaf-root=0.25)lowest.Further exploration of the species composition,influencing factors and function development of endophytic fungi in P.massoniana needs to be carried out.